Classes of trains
BC&SJ Form 19
BC&SJ Form 31
BC&SJ Generic Train Order Form
BC&SJ Clearance Card
Rule Book
Train Line Up
Track Schematic and Towns
Employee Timetable
String Diagram
Train Registers
Train Register Stations
Station Operator Duties
Dispatcher Duties

Let's run a train
  Clearance and orders
  Train card
  Car cards
  Inspecting our train
  Can we leave now?
  Leaving Pocatello
  Work in South Jackson
  Which track in Mill Bend?
  Leaving Mill Bend for Oakhill
  Siding or Main in Oakhill
  Can we leave Oakhill for Salem?
  Tied down in Salem, we're done!

TT&TO Terms and Definitions

Opeating by Time Table and Train Orders

Time table and train order operation was developed long ago in the days when reliable communications between a dispatcher and trains were not possible.

Through the use of a time table (schedule) and train orders, issued by a dispatcher, to modify the schedule when required train crews would be able to determine when they were authorized to be on specific pieces of track.

The key to this process is knowing exactly what the time is. If train A knows that train B is not allowed to leave station ABC until 11:05 am and train A knows they can get to ABC from their current location by 10:53 then trains A's crew can head out on the main moving toward ABC secure in the knowledge that train B can't be heading towards them until 11:05. Assuming both trains have accurate knowledge of the time.

Classes of Trains

Scheduled trains have classes which indicate priority. 1st class has the highest priority.

Unscheduled trains (that do not appear in the timetable), called Extra trains, may also be present. All trains with a class are superior to extra trains (unless the dispatcher issues a train order stating otherwise).

• 1st Class - important passenger or freight trains that must not be delayed such as named passenger trains, reefer express trains or hotshot freights.
• 2nd Class - regular trains, passenger or freight, of medium priority such as local passenger trains or feight haulers
• 3rd Class - regular trains, freight, of low priority such as drags or scheduled freight locals.
• Extras - these trains have no schedule given in the time table. Instead they are created when the dispatcher issues a train order such as "Eng SP 5317 at Pocatello, run extra to Salem". Turns or other local freights are often run as extras although any train could, in theory be an extra (if it does not exist in the timetable).

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BC&SJ Form 19 Train Order

This form is used to write train orders that a crew is not required to sign for. Thus form 19's may be "hooped" up to a passing train by a station operator without that train stopping. Form 19 orders should not be used to further restrict a train's authority, only to increase it. Form 19 orders have been replaced by a generic train order form on the BC&SJ.

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BC&SJ Form 31 Train Order

This form was used to write train orders that a crew is required to stop and sign for indicating positive receipt of these orders. A Form 31 order must NOT be 'hooped' to a passign train. Form 31 orders are used to restrict the authority of a train. Form 31 orders have been replaced by a generic train order form on the BC&SJ.

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BC&SJ Generic Train Order

This generic form replaces the Form 19 and Form 31. Any special handling of these forms is specified by the dispatcher as they are dictated to the operator(s).

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BC&SJ Clearance Card

A clearance card lists the orders that a train crew must have in their possesion prior to leaving their originating station. Any descrepancies between the clearance card and the order forms received must be resolved before a crew may proceed onto the high iron.

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BC&SJ Simplified TT&TO Rulebook

Prototype railroad's rule books for TT&TO are big and complicated. They have to be to cover every possible circumstance over all permutations of signaled and dark, single and multiple tracks, etc.

To expedite the learning process the BC&SJ has a simplified rulebook. From time to time as the crews become more familiar with the rules new rules and order types may be added.

And if someone goofs and blows the rules no one is likely to get killed (depending on how much rolling stock bounces off the floor).

Rule S-71.
A train is superior to another train by right, class, or direction.
Right is conferred by train order, class and direction by timetable.
Right is superior to class or direction.
Direction is superior as between trains of the same class.

Rule 72.
Trains of the first class are superior to those of the second, trains of the second class are superior to those of the third; and so on.

Rule S-72.
Trains in the direction specified by the timetable are superior to trains of the same class in the opposite directions.

Rule 73.
Extra trains are inferior to regular trains.

Rule 81.
A main track must not be occupied without authority and it must no be fouled until, by observation or protection by flagmen, the engineer or the conduction as the case may be is assured it is safe to do so.

Rule 82.
Timetable schedules, unless fulfilled, are in effect for twelve hours after their time at each station. Regular trains more than twelve hours late on either their schedule arriving or leaving time at any station lose both right and schedule, and can thereafter proceed only as authorized by train order.

Rule 82A.
Regular trains, unless otherwise provided, will be authorized at their initial stations by clearance.

Rule 83.
A train must not leave its initial station, or a junction, or an intermediate station where schedules originate or terminate, until it has been ascertained whether all superior trains due have arrived or left.

Rule 83-A.
The information called for by a train register must be inscribed therein and the register checked by the conductor, or by the engineer if there is no conductor, except as hereinafter provided. An extra train will register only at a register station where it originates or terminates, unless otherwise directed.

Rule 85.
Trains of one schedule may pass trains of another schedule of the same class. Second and inferior class and extra trains may pass and run ahead of second and inferior class and extra trains. A section may not pass and run ahead of another section of the same schedule.

Rule 87A.
At a meeting point between trains of the same class, the inferior train must clear the main track before the leaving time of the superior train.

Rule S88.
Extra trains will be governed by train orders with respect to opposing extra trains. At a meeting point between extras or between work extras, the train in the inferior timetable direction must take the siding, unless other provided.

Rule 89.
When an inferior train fails to clear a superior train by the time required by rule, it must be protected at that time as prescribed by rule 99.

Rule 89A.
An inferior train must be in the clear with turnouts lined behind it no later than 5 minutes prior to the scheduled departure time of a superior opposing train.

Rule 93.
Within yard limits engines may use main track without train-order authority, clearing or protecting against first-class trains and without flag protection against second and inferior class trains, extra trains and engines.

Rule 95.
Two or more sections may be run on the same schedule. Each section has equal timetable authority.

Rule 99
A train occupying the main line without authority must send out flag men in both directions to protect against overtaking and opposing trains.

Rule 220.
Train orders once in effect continue so until fulfilled, superseded, or annulled.

Other rules

Rule A.
Train crews shall have a current copy of the Employee Timetable in their possesion at all times. Crews shall read and understand any special instructions in the timetable before hitting the main line.

Rule B.
No train may leave its originating station without the conductor holding a valid clearance listing all applicable train orders AND all train orders listed by the clearance.

Rule C.
Don't forget to sign the registers at Salem, Deschutes Jct., South Jackson and Pocatello when arriving, departing or passing through these locations.

Rule D.
Haz-mat cars should be not closer than the sixth car from occupied engines or caboose train length permitting. This rule does not apply to yard switchers or local switching moves.

Rule E.
Trains shall be operated in a reasonable manner at all times. Anyone found emulating Gomez Adams will be summarily executed and their operating priviledges revoked.

Rule F.
No food or drink is allowed on the layout.

Rule G.
If possible have fun. But not too much fun.

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BC&SJ Train Line Up

The following trains comprise a tt&to op session on the BC&SJ as of June 2005. This table lists the trains in the sequence in which they are expected to leave their originating station (if all goes well).

This list is a prize possession of the crew caller because it shows him what to expect. Normally a crew should be called one fast hour (15 minutes) ahead of time so they can get their throttle, paper work, and inspect their train.

For the convienience of the yardmaster trains that originate or terminate at the South Jackson yard are shaded a darker color.

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Train Line Up - June 2005

Train	Name	Id	Eng.	Class	Leaves	At	Terminates	Notes
Salem Hauler East		202	tbd	3rd	SA	8:00	SJ	Salem to South Jackson
Oakhill Passenger West		21	SP5317	1st	PO	8:28	OH	Station at Oakhill is on siding
Bear Creek Hauler West (am)		X?	?	-	PO	9:20	SA	Block swap at South Jackson
Oakhill Passenger East		22	SP5317	1st	OH	10:20	PO	After 21 turns on OH wye it becomes train 22
Bear Creek Hauler East (am)		X?	?	-	SA	10:20	PO	Block swap at South Jackson
Oakhill Turn	The Logger	X41	BCSJ41	-	SJ	11:04	OH	South Jackson to Mill Bend to Oakhill and return. Serves all Oakhill spurs (logs, team, gravel).
Bear Creek Reefer Express East	Reefer Madness	110	SP4111	1st	SA	12:08pm	PO	Reefer express - this train is HOT!
Redland Turn west	Red Rocket	251	GN213	3rd	SJ	12:24	RD	South Jackson to Redland. Serves all industries in Redland and Jallen.
Bear Creek Hauler East (pm)		X?	?	-	SA	1:16	PO	Block swap at South Jackson
Bear Creek Fowarder West		105	?	2nd	PO	1:20	SA	Block swap and pickup helper at South Jackson.
Mill Bend Turn	Mill Bender	X5334	SP5334	-	SJ	2:50	MB	South Jackson to Mill Bend and return. Serves all industries in Mill Bend (except log track).
Redland Passenger West		23	SP5317	1st	PO	3:02	RD	Station at Redland is on siding.
		X5327	SP5327	-	OH	3:22	SJ	Lite helper engine.
Redland Turn east	Red Rocket	252	GN213	3rd	RD	4:02	SJ	South Jackson to Redland. Serves all industries in Redland and Jallen.
Bear Creek Hauler West (pm)		X?	?	-	PO	4:36	SA	Block swap at South Jackson
Redland Passenger East		24	SP5317	1st	RD	4:58	PO	After 23 performs run-around in Redland it becomes train 24
Bear Creek Hauler West (pm)		X?	?	-	PO	4:36	SA	Block swap and pickup helper at South Jackson
Bear Creek Sweeper West (pm)		X?	?	-	PO	5:48	SA	Block swap at South Jackson. Swith all spurs at Oakhill.
Salem Hauler West		201	tbd	3rd	SJ	6:56	SA	Salem to South Jackson
		X5327	SP5327	-	OH	3:22	SJ	Lite helper engine.

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BC&SJ Schematic and Town Names

SA - Salem - west end staging	SJ - South Jackson - yard.
OH - Oak Hill - the summit, wye for turning helpers.	PO - Pocatello - east end staging
DJ - Deschutes Jct. - where the branch leaves the mainline.	RD - Redland - the main town on the branch line
MB - Mill Bend - lumber town	JA - Jallen - a small area on the branch line.

BCSJ Track Plan

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BC&SJ Timetable

Each crew member is expected to have an Employee Timetable in their possesion at all times while on duty. The timetable lists all regular trains, their classes and scheduled departure (or arrival) times. It also lists all stations in sequence on the mainline and Deschutes Branch showing the facilites present at each station, the mile post at which they are located, and their distance from Pocatello. Finally the timetable contain special instructions that augment the rule book. Click here for .pdf formatted copy of the BC&SJ Employee Time Table suitable for printing.

Click it for a full resolution timetable or click here to see a .pdf version of Timetable No. 1.
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String Diagram

I use a string diagram to determine the position of each train that should be run in a session. A string diagram plots the position of each train vs time. Each train appears as a line on the diagram. On my string diagram I plot distrance along the track on the horizontal axis and time on the vertical axis. A vertical line segment indicates a train is stopped. A horizontal one shows a train moving infinitely fast. The steeper a line segment the more slowly the train represented by that line is moving. I color code the train lines by class. Red for first class trains Green for second class trains Blue for third class trains Gray for extras The towns/locations on the layout are plotted from east to west (left to right). Note the discontinuity where the branch line trains diverge from the main line at Deschutes Jct. The branchline locations are toward the right side of the diagram. I label the vertical axis (time) with a wall clock elapsed time (real minutes) on the left edge and a 4x fast time between the main line and branchline areas (red digits). Each horizontal time division represents 1 minute of real time or 4 minutes of fast time. Before making the string diagram I ran trains on the layout using a stop watch to determine the transit time between locations. As the diagram is created there will be places where the train lines cross each other. These are meets or passes and should all take place at locations where a siding is located (as its hard for trains to get by each other on a single track).

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Train Registers

Train registers are placed at locations where a train can enter or leave the main (at a branchline) or where trains can originate or terminate. Each regular (appearing in the Time Table) train must stop at register locations and the conductor signs the train register identifying his train and the signals (white for extra and green for following sections) displayed along with the arrival and departure times. Although extra trains normally aren't entered into train registers the Time Table or dispatcher may require exceptions to this. When an extra's conductor signs the register they must include the train order giving them authority as well as the train identifier(such as X5334).

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BC&SJ Train Register Stations

The following locations on the BC&SJ maintain a train register:

• Salem
• Deschutes Junction
• South Jackson
• Pocatello

Why register? Suppose an extra is proceeding from Oakhill toward Mill Bend. They know from the schedule that the Redland Passenger West was due through Deschutes Jct. at 3:40. It's now 3:45. Has the passenger train already headed down the branch line (no peeking at the lower deck?). The extra crew checks the register at DJ and can see if they have (so the extra can go) or are running late and have not (the extra must wait).

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Station Operators

At open stations a train order operator will be on duty. There tasks include

• Reporting trains to the dispatcher as they pass by.
• Manage the train order signals at the station.
• Copy train orders from the dispatcher and either hoop them up to the passing trains or stop the trains so the crew will come sign for orders.

Train order stations on the BC&SJ are Salem, Mill Bend, and Pocatello.

If running short handed, train crews may be required to do their own OS (reporting themselves off-sheet or passing each TO station) rather than using a separate operator.

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The Dispatcher

It's the dispatchers job to expedite the flow of traffic over the railroad. They accomplish this by sending Train Orders to the various crews.

They also must cut clearances for every train that will run on the railroad list all the train orders applying to that train.

Also, they must write train orders to create all extra (non-scheduled) trains that run. An extra train is not a train until an order is written such as

To C&E SP 4100 at Salem. Engine SP4100 run extra Salem to Pocatello

This coupled with what other orders may be needed (such as meet orders) and a clearance card let the crew of SP4100 head out on the main BUT only after they very carefully read all the orders handed them, check the timetable for trains they must clear (the main) for, and double check the Train Register to ensure all train due at their current location over the last 12 hours have actually arrived.

Because the dispatcher is not in direct contact with the train crews (as is the case with Track Warrant Control) but must dictate orders to the operators at the open train order stations, they need to plan and think far ahead. A dispatcher caught by surprise be a situation will be frantically issuing train orders but most likely getting further behind.

When enough crew are available for a session the dispatcher will always dictate train orders to the station operators who then get them to the passing train crews.

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Let's run a train!

Whew! So now we're ready to run a train. The crew caller has called us for the Bear Creek Hauler West (am). This train leaves from PO (Pocatello) so we head over to the Pocatello Station Operator's office.

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Let's run a train - Clearance and Orders

Today our train is powered by a pair of BCSJ RSC-2 diesels no's 44 & 47. The operator hands us a clearance card showing two orders #6 and #7 and the flimsies for the orders. We of course already have our Employee Timetable and rule book.

Order #6 To C&E BCSJ 44 at PO, Eng 44 run extra Pocatello to Salem
Order #7 To C&E BCSJ 44 at PO, meet X32 east at Oakhill.

Our clearance card says

Do not leave before 9:20am.

It's now 8:20am. Good! This time the crew caller gave us enough time to get our act together. Sometimes though things can be a mad rush.

Let's run a train - Train Card We pull the train card that tells us our train's route and stops. We'll be running from Pocatello to South Jackson Yard where we'll swap blocks with the yard giving them any cars we have for South Jackson, Mill Bend, Redland, Jallen, or Oakhill. The YM (yardmaster) will give us cars to take on to Salem. It also tells us to pickup a helper if needed. Each of our RSC-2s are rated for 12 cars on the hill. We'll need to keep an eye on our tonnage before we leave South Jackson. It sure would be a bad idea to "fall down" on the hill and mess up the railroad!. Let's run a train - Car cards Before heading out to inspect our train we get the car cards from the operator. There should be one of these for each car in the train.

Let's run a train - Inspecting our train

Once out at the train we walk it looking for derailed wheels, bad couplers and damaged equipment. All seems ok. The train is hooked up to yard air so we won't have to pump the brakes ourselves. We received 21 car cards from the operator, we counted 21 cars in the train not including the hack and our luck continues as the car cards actually match the real consist.

The engineer heads for the lead unit to do the brake set and release and I walk back to the hack. The waybills show that the first 5 cars in the train will be dropped off at South Jackson. Two Redlands and three for Mill Bend.

The hogger backs up the train then slowly then eases forward taking up the slack to test for couplers that "let go" when compressed. There's motion in the hack so we're ready to go!

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Let's run a train - Can we leave now?

Well, not actually. What did we forget? How about checking the Employee Timetable? What trains might we meet out on the line? Lets see, if we leave at 9:20 and should be in South Jackson by 9:28. what could be in our way? Let's look at each train listed in the time table.

• 252 - It won't be due into South Jackson until 4:30pm. Not a problem
• 202 - It was due to arrive in South Jackson at 9:02 but it terminates there. We'll need to make sure 202 has arrived before we can leave SJ but it isn't a problem for the trip to SJ from Pocatello.
• 110 - It's not due at SJ until this afternoon. We should be long gone.
• 24 - It's not due at SJ until late afternoon. Again no problem.
• 22 - The Oakhill Passenger East is to leave MB at 10:55, SJ at 11:10 and arrive at PO at 11:16. If we get hung up in SJ with our block swap this could be a problem. But for now we're ok.
• 21 - The Oakhill Passenger West should've left Pocatello at 8:28am. But did it? We should have checked the train register! What other trains are there?
• 23 - The Redland Passenger West isn't due out for over 5 hours.
• 105 - The hot shot freight isn't due out for 4 hours.
• 201 - This is the last train of the day and doesn't leave SJ until almost 7pm.
• 251 - The Redland turn is scheduled out at 12:24pm. That's three hours after us.

Click here to see a marked up Time Table (red circles mark the trains and schedules of interest).

But we have to find out whether 21 really left or not. A quick hike back to the depot and the train register shows it left 2 minutes late at 8:30am.

Let's run a train - Leaving Pocatello

Now we're ready to leave. The hoghead blows the horn twice and off we go. In a few minutes we enter South Jackson's yard limits. We climb down and call the YM. He says come in on the main and that he's got 6 cars for us to take to Salem.

The YM looked at the Time Table before telling us to do that. Check rule 93

Within yard limits engines may use main track without train-order authority, clearing or protecting against first-class trains and without flag protection against second and inferior class trains, extra trains and engines.

Although authority isn't required for the main within yard limits everybody still has to clear for 1st class trains. The YM saw that there was enough time before the next 1st class train for us to get our work done and leave.

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Let's run a train - Work in South Jackson

We give the YM our five cars and take his six (and yes I remembered to trade the car cards with the YM - it's so embarrassing to finish a run and realize that the paperwork for half your train is miles away in another town!). The block swap is a little tricky because two of the pickups are haz-mat so we need to bury them in the train. This uses some extra time in the yard. We have 22 cars plus the hack now and our head end power should be more than enough to get us up the hill without helpers.

While the brakes are pumping we pull out the Time Table again and take another look. The South Jackson Train Register shows that 202 pulled into the yard at 9:15am (in fact the YM was starting to sort its cars when we showed up). Train 21 left SJ at 8:48 and there's nothing else on the schedule before we can get to Mill Bend. But should we hold the main in MB or hit the siding?

Let's run a train - Which track in Mill Bend?

Its 9:55 now and it looks like there's nothing in the way except possibly 22 the Oakhill Passenger West which might be delayed at the MB station. But wait a minute. The next stopping point beyond Mill Bend is Oakhill. If it takes us another 10 (fast) minutes to get to Mill Bend and another 25 to get to Oakhill and 5 more to clear up, is there anything coming down the hill toward us we'd meet on the way up? If there is we'd better wait at Mill Bend!

10:00 + 10 + 25 + 5 makes it 10:40 before we could hope to be at Oakhill. Looking at the eastbound column we see that train 22 (the east half of the Oakhill passenger 21) is scheduled to leave at 10:20am. But its not scheduled to leave Deschutes Jct (at the far end of MB) until 10:40. We can't get to OH but we can easily make it to MB. So we head over to Mill Bend and pull into the hole being careful to line the turnout behind us for the main. It's 10:12.

We sit tight for a while and a bit before 10:40 we see a headlight coming down the hill beyond Deschutes Jct. At 10:48 a passenger train pulls up to the the Mill Bend depot. Alright! With train 22 beside us we're clear to go. The front end brakie lines the Mill Bend west switch for the siding and we ease onto the main.

Let's run a train - Leaving Mill Bend for Oakhill

Special instruction SI-3 in the Time Table (you did read those didn't you?) says even though we're an extra we need to sign the register at Deschutes Jct. so the hogger pulls to a stop once we clear the siding and while the brakie lines the turnout back for the main I high tail it over to the tower to sign on the dotted line. Since we're an extra and it's possible our engines might be recycled (used again on a different train) today I not only put X44 west in the "Train" box but write Order #6 next to it to uniquely identify us.

It would be nice to sit awhile and shoot the breeze with the DJ operator but time isn't waiting so I head back over to the hack, signal the hogger and off we go up the hill. It's 10:48am.

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Let's run a train - Siding or Main in Oakhill

According to train order #7 we have a meet at Oakhill with Extra 32 (probably the Bear Creek Hauler East). But who goes in the hole? Checking the rule book I see Rule S88 which states

At a meeting point between extras or between work extras, the train in the inferior timetable direction must take the siding, unless otherwise provided.

Time table special instruction S-72 states that at least on this railroad West is the Best. We'll hold the mainline since we're west bound. Oakhill is a funny place though. If we'd been meeting that passenger train that we met at Mill Bend up at Oakhill, even though he's a 1st class train and we're a lowly extra, special instruction SI-2 directs us to hold the main! Why? Because the depot is on the siding in Oakhill.

We grind our way up the 2.8% grade through what will be some magnificent terrain (or so we are told if the lazy bums at Hillmover's Construction ever get off their duffs). At 11:11am we pull across the east turnout at Oakhill. There's no sign of Extra 32 yet so we continue to roll slowly toward the west end of town. We stop and wait a few minutes before BCSJ 32 a 2-8-8-2 purchased from the N&W during a motive power shortage pulls into sight trailing a plume of imaginary smoke.

Let's run a train - Can we leave Oakhill for Salem?

While X32 is pulling into the siding it's back to the Time Table again. Can we go on to Salem? It's 11:16 and it will take us about 8 minutes to get to Salem and another 12 to pull into the clear. Is there anything coming east at us before 11:16 + 8 + 12 = 11:36?

The schedule shows 110, Reefer Madness leaving Salem at 12:08pm. That gives us a comfortable margin of 32 minutes over what we need to get to Salem and clear up. At 11:18 X32 is in the clear and the OH west turnout is lined for the main. The hogger gives two pulls on the horn and we're off again.

Let's run a train - Tied down in Salem, We're Done!

21 minutes later we've eased into Salem and are tied down in the clear, ready for another assignment or some beans. Oops! I almost forget to sign the Salem train register so we hike over to the operations office and sign the register and hand over the car cards for the train. Now we're ready for something new.

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TT&TO terms and definitions

Meet - two or more trains meeting in oppositie directions at a specified location.

Pass - one train overtaking another train at a specified direction.

Register - a book kept at certain train order stations showing which trains have passed through.

Train Order Station - a station occupied by an operator for at least some portion of the day. Station hours are specified in the Employee Time Table

Employee Time Table - a document listing the schedules of all regular trains as well as applicable speed restrictions, alerts, stations and their facilities (water, fuel, turntable, operator hours, wye, passing siding length). Note that time table is actually a conglomeration of all the schedules. A schedule is for the single named train (except for multiple sections).

Schedule - the Time Table is made up of multiple schedules, one per train. Each schedule will occupy one column of the Time Table and lists the departure times for each station and the arrival time at the final station. Unless overridden by Train Order NO TRAIN MAY LEAVE A STATION AHEAD OF ITS SCHEDULED DEPARTURE TIME.

Train Secions - a train may be broken up into multiple sections (usually when a single train would be too long). Each of the sections operates on same Time Table schedule. Any section of a train other than the final section shall display green signals (or flags) notifying observers that there are other portions of this train yet to come.

Train Orders - orders issued by the dispatcher to create an extra, modify a schedule, give one train rights over another or set up a meet or pass.

Regular train - a train with a schedule specified on the current Employee timetable

Extra train - a train not provided with a schedule on the current Employee timetable Extra trains are created by train order. For example:

Engine 213 run extra from South Jackson to Redland.

This order creates an extra train (known as X213 or Extra 213) and gives it authority to run from South Jackson to Redland. Extra trains display white signals or flags.

Work Extra - a train created by train order that is able to move in either direction on the trackage specified by the train order. Regular schduled trains and extras do not have authority to mave a reverse move. A work extra does. This allows work extras to make run around moves and use the mainline (when speicifed) to switch out local industries.

Flag man - a crewman sent out flagging distance to flag on coming traffic to stop. Flagmen are required to protect a train every time it stops on the mainline without proper timetable or train order authority.

Flagging distance - flagging distance on the BC&SJ shall be 1000 feet (11 actual feet).

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